"Now a river flowed out of Eden to water the garden; and from there it divided and became four rivers. 42-122, 2022, Buchanan, Briggs. 144 ff.). During this time, in the 1300s bce, Assyria broke away from Babylonia. Kassite toponyms refer to three polities in western Media, viz., Nahi-marti, Bt-Kilamzah, and Bt-Kubatti. 135-38. and ruled the area for 576 years. The problem is that there are several places called Ur. This is the first entry which will cover the Kassite period (1600-1160 BCE). Some kudurrus are kept in the Louvre in Paris and others in the National Museum of Iraq. Click here to find out more about this unique and fun Bible study tool! The panes of glass used to create these images were very brightly colored, and closer analysis has revealed that they were bright green, blue, white, and red-orange. During the 16th century BCE. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/kassite/. (Gen. 3:15) It is from the Horite priesthood that the priesthood of Israel developed. This garden was cited as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World by the historian Herodotus. Kassites. 251-54. 32, no. Kassites and Assyrians. But Babylonia remained a world power: the Hittite king Hattuili III contacted Kadaman-Enlil II (1258-50 BCE) when the latter became king, in order to continue their good relations. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The Tabernacle of Ancient Israel - Brief Overview of the Tabernacle of Moses in the Wilderness and the Ark of the Covenant. 471-589. Political Interactions between Kassite Babylonia and Assyria, Egypt and atti during the Amarna Age". Why are Genesis 10 and 11 "significant" chapters? (2012). Adding the years given by the King List to that date would place the beginning of the dynasty in the 18th century BCE, when rulers of the Hammurabi dynasty controlled Babylon. (Bible Quiz), Journal of Ancient EgyptianInterconnections, Israel Mentioned in Egyptian Inscriptions, 15 Christian Leaders That Make More Money Getting Out Of Bed Than Youll Make All Year, Where Archaeology Meets The Bible: Neo Babylonian Period [626 - 529 BCE] | Dust Off The Bible, Where Archaeology Meets The Bible: Middle Babylonian Period [1000 625 BCE] | Dust Off The Bible. Another ancient Middle Eastern people known as the Elam finally defeated the last Kassite ruler in 12 B.C. Not long after the Elamites pillaged Ur and founded an Elamite kingdom inside Shnunna. The Kassite kings appear to have been members of a small military aristocracy but were apparently efficient rulers and not locally unpopular. Many endure rather than enjoy reading these two chapters. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. "The Bronze Age Shipwreck at Ulu Burun: 1986 Campaign." Required fields are marked *. 469 f.; Dosch and Deller, 1981), as well as in Middle Assyrian documents (see Brinkman, 1976-80, p. 470; cf. We would much rather spend this money on producing more free history content for the world. Kassite period. The name Cushan is considered a translation for Kassite or northwest Mesopotamia. To the east of the Hittite Empire, Mesopotamia was not ruled by a single state or empire during most of the Bronze Age. Kassite. The endonym of the Kassites was probably Galzu, although they have also been referred to by the names Kau, Kassi, Kasi or Kashi. One Kassite invention was the boundary stone (kudurru), a block of stone that served as a record of a grant of land by the king to favoured persons. Roman Empire Map - It is thought that the Kassites originated as tribal groups in the Zagros Mountains to the north-east of Babylonia. One of its many anthropological and theological implications is that Genesis 10 and 11 are historically accurate. Agum the prince (? West of Edin: Tell al-Deylam and the Babylonian City of Dilbat The Biblical Archaeologist , Vol. 49, no. kudurru). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Kassites - Bible History The Kassites You are here: Home Ancient Babylonia Old Babylonian Period (2000 - 1595 BC) The Kassites Just exactly who The Kassites were, and anything about their origins and history, is very obscure. The Kassites kings pursued a policy of dynastic marriages with rulers of the other contemporary Near Eastern powers, namely, Elam (from the reign of Burnaburia II onwards until that of Meli-hu; see van Dijk, 1986, pp. 210 f.). Our collection of maps are simple and they are free. 3 Where did the Kassite people originally come from? the Babylonian Tradition in the Second Millennium B.C. Museum, British. Abraham was from the city of Ur according to Genesis 11:31 above. They are well represented among the great landowners. Once they made it to Babylon, they managed to defeat the weakened Babylonian city state and set themselves up as rulers. Under the later Kassite kings political authority was weakened as peripheral provinces detached themselves from effective state control (see Brinkman, 1963, pp. It is believed that in the ancient city existed the legendary "Hanging Gardens of Babylon," which were terraced gardens of celestial beauty that were maintained by an automated watering mechanism. Third Interim Report, 1944-5," Iraq, VIII, 1946, von Saldern, Axel. 129, Brinkman, J. Idem, Beitrge zur Verwaltung und Gesellschaft Babyloniens in der Kassitenzeit, Baghdader Forschungen 21, Mainz, 2001. And when you look up to the sky and see the sun, the moon and the starsall the heavenly arraydo not be enticed into bowing down to them and worshiping things the LORD your God has apportioned to all the nations under heaven. Idem, Kossaioi, in Pauly-Wissowa, RE 22, 1922, pp. M. Hlscher, Die Personennamen der kassitenzeitlischen Texte aus Nippur, Imgula 1, Mnster, 1996. NON-IRANIAN LANGUAGES (5) KASSITE. Bible History - C. 1404-1062 BC From the beginning, we have great leaders of the people such as Abraham, Joseph, Moses, and Joshua. Since they had chariots, they were not nomadic, but were fully settled in segregated rural encampments. The eunuch was not from the land today known as Ethiopia, which corresponds to the ancient Kingdom of Aksum, which conquered Kush in the fourth century. Kraus on the occasion of his seventieth birthday, Studia Francisci Scholten memoriae dicata 5, Leiden, 1982, pp. The names of some Kassite deities are known. Louvre Museum, reference AO 22355, (Shamshi-Adad dynasty18081736 BCE)(Amorites)Shamshi-Adad I Ishme-Dagan I Mut-Ashkur Rimush Asinum Ashur-dugul Ashur-apla-idi Nasir-Sin Sin-namir Ipqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi Richardson (2002, p. 347) is of the opinion that the fortresses were forerunners of the later Kassite feudal communities. P. Huber, P. Review of Gasche et al., Fall of Babylon, Archiv fr Orientforschung 46-47, 1999-2000, pp. kassites in the bible. Mu-s-Sa Dates in the Kassite Period. Die Welt Des Orients, vol. 160 f.; also > Kunu-; cf. The administration was directed from the palaces of various cities. van Soldt Grammatical Irregularities in Middle Babylonian Texts and their Chronology 165 Helen Malko The Kassites of Babylonia: A Re-examination of an Ethnic Identity 177 Odette Boivin The Palace as Economic Production . "18. 73, No. https://www.worldhistory.org/kassite/. They had encountered many different kingdoms and tribes before they reached their destination. Their leaders came to power in Babylon following the collapse of the ruling dynasty of the Old Babylonian Period in 1595 BC. of Balkan, Kassitenstudien, Archiv fr Orientforschung 18,1957-58, pp. 535-545, Taha Baqir, "Iraq Government Excavations at 'Aqar Qf. The documents reveal a centralized administration under the governor of Nippur and its province. Paper, 1956, p. 252). Christ was descended from Abraham. What type of medicine do you put on a burn? Before entering Mesopotamia they were illiterate mountain people speaking a language that is not known today. A people called the Kassites conquered Babylonia in about 1600 bce. Idem, Hurrians as Well as Individuals Bearing Hurrian and Strange Names in Sumerian Sources, in A. F. Rainey, A. Kempinski, and M. Sigrist, eds., Kinatttu a drti. She was the pharaohs daughter that pulled Moses from the water. Christ was an incarnation of Yah-Veh. At the peak of their power the Kassites, under Kurigalzu I in the mid 14h century BC, conquered Elam and sacked the capital of Susa. Kassites are recorded in Media during the first half of the first millennium BCE (see Zadok, 2002, pp. According to the accounts in Genesis, and the dates that follow throughout the entirety of the era of Kings and Judges, the Exodus occurred in 1312bce, which is 2448 years from the creation of Adam. 11, No. In the early 1st millennium BCE the countryside has become increasingly tribal and hostile towards the Babylonian temple cities (see Edens, 1994, pp. After this point, the Kassites had faded into obscurity. During and after the Bronze Age Collapse Babylonia was invaded by their neighbors, the Elamites and the Assyrians. There were 36 kings in this dynasty ruling 576 years and 9 months. It is thought that the Kassites originated as tribal groups in the Zagros Mountains to the north-east of Babylonia. The most advanced Bible dictionary as a part of Biblia Plus, which includes everything you need to take your Bible study to the next level. Idem, A Political History of Post-Kassite Babylonia, Analecta Orientalia 43, Rome, 1968. 159-70. The only Kassite deities who had temples in Kassite Babylonia were the patron deities of the royal family, uqamuna and umaliya. [57] The images created by these seals were unique to each seal, but many shared the same subject matter. They were used to mark official items and ownership. One interesting aspect of these letters is that they are written in Akkadian cuneiform and not Egyptian. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. When Burnaburia II died, his son Kara-harda succeeded him but was assassinated in a rebellion (1328 BCE). 1150-985 BCE), viz., the second dynasty of Isin, the second dynasty of the Sealand, and the Bazi dynasty, had Akkadian, Kassite, and hybrid (Akkadian-Kassite) names. Ancient Orient Museum, Kudurru mentioning the name of the Kassite king Kurigalzu II, from Nippur, Iraq, Ancient Orient Museum, Babylonian cuneiform tablet with a map from Nippur, Kassite period, 1550-1450 BCE, Winged centaur hunting animals. Kassites. Cushan-Rishathaim is mentioned in Judges 3:8 and God had used this ruler to punish his people for eight years before he releases them from his rule. Idem, Prelude to Empire: Babylonian Society and Politics, 747-626 B.C., Occasional Publications of the Babylonian Fund 7, Philadelphia, 1984. Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have originated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. Museum, B. ISBN 0-521-563585. pp. 5 (197680, Miller, Jared L.. "3. 6, no. A stele (monument) from Egypt, dating back to 1208 BCE is the firs known inscription mentioning the nation of Israel. There are also a number of building inscriptions, all but one written in Sumerian unlike the Akkadian typically used by the Kassites. The detestable worship of Baals and sun/moon gods is documented even within the circumstantial Amarna Letters. In tablet #149, Abi-Milku praises Pharaoh and compares him to Sun god. At the Crossroads of Civilizations in the Syro-Mesopotamian Realm, Proceedings of the 42th RAI [1995], Leuven, 1999, pp. The Kissites used their alliances to help repel enemies and to establish a trade. The Bible, however, distinguishes the Havilah that serves as one of the boundaries of Ishmaelite territory from all other places named Havilah, with the qualifying phrase "by Shur, which is close to Egypt" (Gen. 25:18). Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. E. C. Cancik-Kirschbaum, Die mittelassyrischen Briefe aus Tall amad, Berichte der Ausgrabung Tall amad/Dr-Katlimmu (BATSH) 4, Texte 1, Berlin 1996. 415 f.). Sassmannshausen (1999, pp. The Kassites first appeared during the reign of Samsu-iluna (1749-1712 BC), son of Hammurabi of the First Babylonian Dynasty and after being defeated by Babylon, moved to control the city-state of Mari. J. J. The Babylonians were the first to form an empire that would encompass all of Mesopotamia. 2 And in the eleventh year of Zedekiah, in the fourth month, the ninth day of the month, the city was broken up. Biblical Archaeology - Significant Discoveries from Ancient Empires. Literature that falls in the category of mythical will not be covered even though there is a large amount of biblical and Akkadian literature that refers to the same events, such as creation and flood events. 17-22. Saarbrcken: Saarlndische Druckerei und Verlag, Sternitzke, Katja. K. Balkan, Kassitenstudien, 1: Die Sprache der Kassiten, American Oriental Series 37, New Haven, 1954. 54, 1992, pp. [47] What is known is that their language was not related to either the Indo-European language group, nor to Semitic or other Afro-Asiatic languages, and is most likely to have been a language isolate, although some linguists have proposed a link to the Hurro-Urartian languages of the Armenian highlands and Northern Mesopotamia. His stele tells of a civil war of sorts and is backed by later Greek sources. Prof. David Goldenberg Categories: Beha'alotcha Old Arab Woman, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, 1882. Babylonia under the Kassites 2, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. It is either anachronistic, or a poor translation. 23342, J. 3, 1963, pp. D. Charpin, propos des rois de Hana, Nouvelles Assyriologiques Brves et Utilitaires, 1995, no. The Kassites were a warlike people that invaded Babylon during the 16th century B.C. "2. Selected by Choice as an "Outstanding Academic Book of 1996" and now extensively revised, the Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, co-published by Eerdmans and Brill, is the only major reference work describing the gods, angels, demons, spirits, and semidivine heroes found in Scripture.Written by 100 leading experts in the field, the more than 400 alphabetically arranged articles . . The only named ruler of Bt-Hamban bore the Kassite anthroponym (originally title) Ianz. 263 f. with lit.). Several Kassite tribes and clans bore Akkadian and atypical names (Sassmannshausen, 2001, pp. Trustees of the British Museum. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Ancient Babylon was an influential city that served as a center of Mesopotamian civilization for nearly two millennia, from roughly 2000 B.C. : The Documentary Evidence, AJA 76, 1972, pp. Abraham was born in 1912bce, or 1948 from Adam, when Noah was 58 years old His son Shem was Malchitzedek, and Shems daughter was Tamar who became the mother Judahs twin sons (Peretz and Zarach). Early on, refurbishments were conducted of the various religious and administrative buildings, the first of these datable to Kurigalzu I. Selves Engraved on Stone: Seals and Identity in the Ancient Near East, ca. Its about events 700-1000 years later. 464-73. Gezer has been captured; Kassites after the fall of the Kassite dynasty. Then all the Midianites and the Amalekites and the children of the east were gathered together, and went over, and pitched in the valley of Jezreel. [24] They were reported in Babylonia by the 18th century BC, especially around the area of Sippar. Idem, rev. The Kassites influenced Babylonian culture after they took over the city-state. 329 f.): ERN u-q-mu-[na(? 234-37; idem, 1984, pp. They include red, black and brown Nubians, pre-dynastic lower Nilotes, and the Ainu/Annu. Idem, Studies in Babylonian Feudalism of the Kassite Period, tr. However, Elams raids caused the demise of the Kassite dynasty in 1150 BCE (see Brinkman, 1968, pp. The date and the exact conditions of this seizure of power are unknown to us, the first decades of the Kassite dynasty being unknown to us. ; Sassmannshausen, 2000, pp. While the period of enslavement by the Egyptians meant that the Israelites would certainly not be writing anything down, it did not prevent the Egyptians from documenting certain things. What kind of government did the Kassites have? 38, no. Nearing the end of the letter, the king states that if no archers are sent, then Jerusalem will fall to the Hapiru (same as Apiru). M. Stol, Studies in Old Babylonian History, Publications de lInstitut historique-archologique nerlandais de Stamboul 40, Leiden, 1975. On the other hand, they are not underrepresented in the ration lists, which points to their presence in the lower echelons of the society.
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kassites in the bible